Thyroid cancer is gaining increasing attention in India, especially among women. In fact, recent statistics reveal that it is one of the fastest-growing cancers in Indian women.
According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), thyroid cancer ranks as the second most common cancer in women, just after breast cancer.
While this disease can affect anyone, women are disproportionately impacted. But why is thyroid cancer on the rise? So, in this blog, we’ll explore the key factors—genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and environmental influences—that may be contributing to this trend.
Additionally, we’ll discuss the role of early detection, awareness, and lifestyle modifications in reducing the risk. So, let’s shed light on this growing concern and empower you with the knowledge to take charge of your thyroid health.
What Is Thyroid Cancer?
Thyroid cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck. It produces hormones that control how our body uses energy.
In thyroid cancer, the cells in the thyroid gland grow abnormally and can form a lump or tumor. Most cases of thyroid cancer can be treated successfully, especially when it is detected early.
How Common Is Thyroid Cancer In India?
Thyroid cancer is becoming more common in India. As we discussed above, according to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), it is the second most common cancer among women in India, after breast cancer.
Though thyroid cancer can affect anyone, women are more likely to be diagnosed, especially in the 30-50 age group. So, early detection and treatment are key to better outcomes.
Also, you can read this blog for details on How To Control Thyroid In Females.
Thyroid Cancer Types
- Papillary: This is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of cases. It usually grows slowly and is often found in young women.
Papillary cancer cells look like tiny papules under the microscope and tend to stay in the thyroid gland. This type has a high survival rate, especially when detected early, and often responds well to treatment like surgery, radioactive iodine, and hormone therapy.
- Follicular: This is the second most prevalent type, making up 10-15% of cases. It arises from follicular cells and is more common in older adults.
Unlike papillary cancer, it can invade blood vessels and nearby organs, making it slightly more aggressive.Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the affected thyroid tissue, and in some cases, radioactive iodine therapy may be necessary.
- Medullary: This develops in the C cells of the thyroid and accounts for 5-10% of thyroid cancers.
It can be hereditary and tends to be more aggressive than papillary and follicular types.
Medullary cancer often requires surgery to remove the thyroid gland and surrounding lymph nodes.
Genetic testing is crucial as it can be associated with specific genetic mutations.
- Anaplastic: This is extremely rare but highly aggressive. It grows rapidly and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, making treatment challenging.
Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are typically used to manage symptoms and improve the quality of life, but the prognosis is generally poor due to the aggressive nature of this cancer type.
Causes And Risk Factors
There are several causes and risk factors. Let’s understand them one by one:
What Causes Thyroid Cancer?
The exact cause of thyroid cancer is not fully understood. However, some factors can increase the risk. In most cases, it happens when cells in the thyroid gland grow abnormally. These abnormal cells can form a tumor or spread to other parts of the body.
Sometimes, genetic changes or mutations in thyroid cells can lead to cancer. Most cases don’t have a clear cause.
Who Is At Higher Risk?
Certain factors can make a person more likely to develop thyroid cancer:
- Gender and Age: It’s more common in women than men. Often diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 60.
- Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to high levels of radiation, especially during childhood, increases the risk. Radiation treatments for certain conditions, like Hodgkin lymphoma, raise the likelihood.
- Family History: A family history of this type of cancer or certain genetic syndromes (such as familial medullary) can elevate the risk.
- Inherited Conditions: Genetic conditions like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Cowden disease can predispose individuals to cancer.
- Thyroid Nodules: The presence of thyroid nodules, especially large ones, may increase the risk, although most nodules are non-cancerous.
- Diet Low in Iodine: Chronic lack of iodine in the diet, though rare in most developed countries due to iodized salt, can be a risk factor.
- Obesity: Some studies suggest a link between obesity and an increased risk of cancer. For a more detailed understanding, you should read our blog on How To Lose Weight With Thyroid And Hormone Issues.
- Gender Hormones: Hormonal factors, such as early menstruation, late menopause, or hormone replacement therapy, might influence the risk in women.
- Certain Chemical Exposures: Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals like asbestos or certain fertilizers may increase the risk, although the evidence is not conclusive.
- Personal History: Individuals with a history of goiter (enlarged thyroid) may have a slightly higher risk.
Does Lifestyle Play A Role?
Lifestyle choices may not directly cause thyroid cancer, but they can influence your risk. Maintaining a healthy diet, staying active, and avoiding excessive radiation exposure may help lower your overall cancer risk. So, lifestyle is not the main cause, however, good habits can support overall thyroid health.
Signs And Symptoms To Watch Out For
Is thyroid cancer painful? Thyroid cancer is often asymptomatic in its early stages, but as it progresses, you can have various signs and symptoms. So, here are the common symptoms of this type of cancer:
Early Symptoms That Shouldn’t Be Ignored
Thyroid cancer may not always show early symptoms, but there are signs to watch for. Some common early symptoms include:
- Swelling in the Neck: Swelling or enlargement of the thyroid gland can cause visible neck swelling, which may be accompanied by a feeling of pressure or fullness.
- Pain in Neck or Throat: Some individuals may experience pain or discomfort in the neck, throat, or ears, which can be a sign of more advanced cancer.
- Difficulty Swallowing: As the tumor grows, it can make swallowing difficult, leading to discomfort or a sensation of a “lump” in the throat.
- Voice Changes: Hoarseness or other voice changes may occur due to the tumor pressing on the vocal cords or recurrent laryngeal nerve.
- Cough: A persistent cough or trouble breathing can result from the tumor pressing on the trachea (windpipe).
- Changes in Appetite or Weight: Unexplained weight loss or changes in appetite can occur, though these are less common symptoms. This is one of the symptoms that shows thyroid cancer causes in the body.
- Fatigue: This type of cancer may lead to unexplained fatigue and weakness. These are small yet important signs that thyroid cancer has spread or that it’s a start. Moreover, you should know the real reason for fatigue. Thus, you must read our blog on Can Stress Cause Cancer?
When to See a Doctor?
If you have any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s a good idea to see a doctor. Early detection is key to successful treatment. If a lump in your neck grows over time or doesn’t go away, it’s especially important to seek medical advice.
Even if you don’t have symptoms, regular check-ups can help catch thyroid cancer early, especially if you have a family history or other risk factors.
Diagnosis And Tests For Thyroid Cancer
How Is Thyroid Cancer Diagnosed?
- Thyroid cancer is diagnosed through a few different tests. The process often starts with a blood test to check the levels of thyroid hormones.
- Next, a neck ultrasound is often done. This test uses sound waves to create images of the thyroid and any lumps or nodules. If the doctor finds a suspicious nodule, they may recommend a biopsy.
- During a biopsy, a small sample of tissue is taken from the nodule to check for cancer cells.
In some cases, a CT scan or MRI may be used to get a clearer picture of the thyroid and surrounding areas.
Difference Between Benign And Malignant Thyroid Nodules
Thyroid nodules are lumps that form in the thyroid gland. Most thyroid nodules are benign (non-cancerous) and don’t cause any harm. Benign nodules may not need treatment, but they are monitored over time.
Malignant (cancerous) thyroid nodules are rare but need immediate treatment. These nodules can grow and spread to other parts of the body. A biopsy is the best way to determine whether a nodule is benign or malignant.
Treatment Options In India
Is thyroid cancer curable? Thyroid cancer is usually treatable, especially in its early stages, with a high cure rate. Treatment options are as follows:
1. Surgery (Thyroidectomy & Lobectomy)
Surgery is one of the main treatments for thyroid cancer. The most common surgery is called a thyroidectomy, where the whole thyroid gland is removed. Sometimes, only part of the thyroid is removed in a procedure called a lobectomy.
The type of surgery depends on the size of the cancer and how much of the thyroid is affected. Surgery is often followed by hormone replacement therapy to balance thyroid hormone levels.
2. Radiation Therapy & Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It’s often done after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) is used, where patients swallow a small amount of radioactive iodine to target and destroy thyroid cancer cells.
Chemotherapy is less common for thyroid cancer, but doctors can use it for advanced cases. It uses strong drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing.
3. Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
Targeted therapy is a newer treatment option that focuses on specific molecules involved in cancer growth. It can help stop the cancer from spreading and is only done when other treatments don’t work.
Immunotherapy works by boosting the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells. These treatments are still under research and are mainly for advanced or aggressive cases of thyroid cancer.
Moreover, the National Cancer Institute says that thyroid cancer research is focusing on improving diagnosis with genomic tests and developing targeted therapies for aggressive types.
Ayurvedic & Alternative Treatments – Do They Work?
Ayurvedic and alternative treatments are popular in India, but it’s important to use them carefully. Some people find relief from symptoms with natural treatments, but there is no scientific evidence that they can cure thyroid cancer.
It’s always best to consult with a doctor before trying any alternative treatments. They can be used alongside medical treatments but should not replace them.
What Foods Should Thyroid Patients Eat And Avoid?
Thyroid patients can benefit from a balanced and nutritious diet. Here are some foods to include and avoid:
Foods to Eat:
- Iodine-Rich Foods: Include iodized salt, seafood, dairy, and seaweed to support thyroid function.
- Lean Protein: Eat lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, and paneer to help your metabolism and muscle health.
- Whole Grains: Choose brown rice, quinoa, and whole wheat bread for energy and fiber.
- Fruits & Vegetables: A variety of colorful fruits and veggies provide essential nutrients.
- Nuts & Seeds: Rich in selenium, these support thyroid health. Opt for Brazil nuts, walnuts and sunflower seeds.
- Low-Fat Dairy: Helps with calcium intake, which is important for bone health.
- Fatty Fish: Omega-3 fatty acids in fish like salmon can support thyroid function.
Foods to Limit or Avoid:
- Processed Foods: Minimize fast food and highly processed items high in unhealthy fats and sodium.
- Cruciferous Vegetables: These can interfere with thyroid function when eaten raw in large amounts.
- Soy Products: Can interfere with thyroid hormone absorption, so it is good to avoid.
- Excessive Iodine: Too much iodine can worsen thyroid problems.
- Sugary Foods: High sugar intake may contribute to inflammation and weight gain.
- Alcohol & Caffeine: Limit these as they can affect thyroid function.
- Unhealthy Fats: Avoid saturated and trans fats found in fried and processed foods.
Additionally, you can read our blog on Thyroid Foods To Avoid for detailed information on thyroid foods.
Sample Indian Diet Plan For Thyroid Cancer Patients
| Meal | Food Option |
| Breakfast | Oatmeal with nuts and berries
Whole-grain toast with avocado
Fresh fruit (e.g., apples, oranges)
Herbal tea or green tea |
| Mid Day Snack | Greek yogurt with honey and walnuts
Fresh fruit (e.g., berries, melon) |
| Lunch | Paneer salad
Brown rice
Steamed veggies (except broccoli)
Raita (cucumber) |
| Snacks | Brazil nuts and walnuts
Sliced carrots with hummus |
| Dinner | Lentil curry
Mixed vegetable stir-fry
Brown rice or whole wheat roti
Warm water with lemon |
Remember, this is just a sample meal plan, and individual dietary needs may vary. You can consult our registered dietitian to get a customized diet plan. Book your ocnsultation through the link below.
Life After Thyroid Cancer: What To Expect?
Recovery And Side Effects
After thyroid cancer treatment, recovery is different for everyone. You may feel tired or have trouble adjusting to changes in your thyroid function. Some people need thyroid hormone replacement therapy to help their body work normally.
There may be side effects from treatment, such as:
- Fatigue: Feeling tired is common after surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
- Weight Changes: Some people may gain or lose weight.
- Difficulty Swallowing or Breathing: This can happen after surgery, but it usually gets better over time.
- Hormonal Imbalance: It may take time to adjust to new thyroid hormone levels.
It’s important to stay in touch with your doctor and follow their advice for recovery.
Diet And Lifestyle Tips For Thyroid Cancer Survivors
Living after thyroid cancer means taking extra care of your health. Here are some tips to help you:
- Eat a Balanced Diet: Include fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. A balanced diet helps your body recover and stay strong.
- Stay Active: Exercise can help you feel better and maintain a healthy weight.
- Take Your Medication: If you need thyroid hormone replacement, take your medication as prescribed.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to support your overall health.
- Get Regular Checkups: Regular visits to your doctor are important to monitor your thyroid health and prevent any future issues.
It’s essential to take small steps to adjust to life after treatment. A healthy lifestyle can help you stay strong and manage your health.
Preventing Thyroid Cancer: Is It Possible?
American Cancer Society says that thyroid cancer cannot be fully prevented, but certain risk factors can be managed, such as reducing exposure to radiation and avoiding family history risks. A healthy lifestyle with proper diet and exercise can also help lower the chances.
Dietary Changes To Reduce Risk
While there is no guaranteed way to prevent thyroid cancer, making healthy dietary choices may help reduce your risk. Here are some changes that can benefit thyroid health:
- Iodine-Rich Foods: Make sure you get enough iodine by using iodized salt, eating seafood and dairy products. However, avoid too much iodine as excess can also be harmful.
- Antioxidant-Rich Foods: Include fruits and vegetables like berries, spinach, and carrots. These help fight harmful substances in the body.
- Healthy Fats: Choose healthy fats, such as those in olive oil, nuts, and fish. These fats support overall health.
- Limit Processed Foods: Avoid foods that are high in sugar, unhealthy fats, and additives. They can contribute to inflammation and other health issues.
A balanced diet rich in nutrients can help keep your thyroid and overall health in good condition.
Importance Of Regular Health Checkups
Regular health checkups are key in catching potential issues early. Here’s why they’re important:
- Early Detection: Regular exams and screenings can help spot thyroid problems before they become serious.
- Monitor Risk Factors: If you have a family history of thyroid cancer or other risk factors, regular checkups are especially important.
- Thyroid Function Tests: Simple blood tests can check your thyroid hormone levels and identify any abnormalities early on.
By visiting your doctor regularly, you can stay on top of your thyroid health and take action if necessary.
How Can Females Manage Weight Changes With Thyroid Cancer?
Managing weight changes in females with this type of cancer can be particularly challenging due to the impact of thyroid hormone imbalances on metabolism. Here are five gender-specific tips to help women manage weight changes:
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Work closely with your healthcare provider to fine-tune your thyroid hormone replacement medication. Achieving the right hormonal balance can help stabilize your metabolism and reduce the risk of weight gain.
- Monitor Estrogen Levels: Thyroid health can affect estrogen levels. Discuss hormone testing with your doctor to ensure that estrogen levels are within a healthy range, as estrogen imbalances can impact weight management.
- Strength Training: Incorporate strength-training exercises into your fitness routine. Building lean muscle mass can boost your metabolism and help you manage weight more effectively.
- Balanced Diet: Focus on a well-balanced diet that includes adequate nutrients and fiber to support thyroid health and maintain a healthy weight. Pay attention to portion sizes and avoid excessive calorie intake.
- Regular Breast Health Checks: Thyroid cancer treatment may involve hormone manipulation, which can impact breast health. Women should ensure they continue with regular breast self-exams and mammograms as recommended by their healthcare providers.
A Word From Fitelo
In short, thyroid cancer starts in the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that controls energy use in the body.
Thyroid Cancer Types
- Papillary: The most common and slow-growing type, often found in young women with a high survival rate when detected early.
- Follicular: Less common and more aggressive, often requires surgery and sometimes radioactive iodine therapy.
- Medullary: Aggressive and can be hereditary, requiring surgery and genetic testing.
- Anaplastic: Rare but highly aggressive, diagnosed at advanced stages and often treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
Causes and Risk Factors: The exact cause is unclear, but several factors increase the risk:
- Gender and Age
- Radiation Exposure
- Family History
- Genetic Conditions
- Thyroid Nodules
- Obesity
- Hormonal Factors
- Chemical Exposures
Signs and Symptoms
- Neck Swelling
- Pain
- Difficulty Swallowing
- Voice Changes
- Persistent Cough
- Fatigue
Diagnosis and Tests: Blood tests, neck ultrasounds, biopsies, and sometimes CT or MRI scans. Thyroid nodules can be benign or malignant, with a biopsy determining whether they are cancerous.
Treatment Options in India
- Surgery
- Radiation & Chemotherapy
- Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
- Ayurvedic & Alternative Treatments
Diet for Thyroid Cancer Patients
- Foods to Eat: Iodine-rich foods (seafood, dairy), lean protein, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds.
- Foods to Avoid: Processed foods, raw cruciferous vegetables, excessive iodine, sugary foods, alcohol, caffeine, and unhealthy fats.
Life After Thyroid Cancer: Some experience fatigue, weight changes, and difficulty swallowing. Hormone replacement therapy may be necessary.
Preventing Thyroid Cancer: Is It Possible?
- Dietary Changes: Iodine-rich foods, antioxidants, healthy fats, and limiting processed foods may reduce the risk.
- Regular Health Checkups: Regular exams, especially for those with risk factors, help detect thyroid issues early.
How Can Females Manage Weight Changes With Thyroid Cancer? Tips for women include hormone replacement therapy, monitoring estrogen levels, strength training, a balanced diet, and regular breast health checks.
Palak’s Impressive Weight Loss Of 11.5 Kg Within Just 60 Days
Palak, a resident of New Zealand, overcame her hectic schedule and PCOS obstacles by following Fitelo’s customized weight loss program. Her determination and commitment led her to lose an incredible 11.5 kg in just 60 days, transforming her PCOS symptoms and embracing a joyous and healthier lifestyle.
Fun Fact
Incorporating jeera (cumin) water into your diet may assist in weight loss. Jeera water is important for weight loss as it boosts metabolism and aids in digestion, helping to shed excess pounds.
Facts About Vegetables For Thyroid By Dietitian Mac
Dietitian Mac Singh exposes various facts about vegetable consumption for thyroid patients. This YouTube video will definitely help you live a healthier life during difficult times.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Thyroid Cancer Be Cured?
Yes, thyroid cancer can often be cured, especially when detected early. Treatment options like surgery, radioactive iodine, and hormone therapy have high success rates, particularly for the more common types like papillary thyroid cancer.
What Are 3 Symptoms Of Thyroid Cancer?
Three common symptoms of thyroid cancer include a lump or nodule in the neck, hoarseness or voice changes, and difficulty swallowing. These symptoms may not always indicate cancer, but it’s important to consult a doctor if they occur.
What Is The Survival Rate For Thyroid Cancer?
The survival rate for thyroid cancer is generally high, with a 5-year survival rate of about 98% for most people. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the chances of a full recovery.
What Is The First Stage Of Thyroid Cancer?
The first stage of thyroid cancer is stage I, where the cancer is typically confined to the thyroid gland and is small in size. At this stage, the cancer is usually treatable and has a very high survival rate.
Contact Us Today
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Disclaimer
This blog post was written to help you make healthy and better food choices. So, be aware and take care. The vital thing to consider is your own health before starting a restrictive diet. Therefore, always seek advice from a doctor/dietitian before starting if you have any concerns.
Eat Healthy, Live Healthy. Enjoy a long, happy life.
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