Hypothyroidism & Weight: Why Some Gain While Others Lose!

“Hypothyroidism Weight Gain Or Loss?” This question is a common concern for many people.  The American Thyroid Association says that hypothyroidism slows your metabolism and leads to weight gain. That’s why many people with an underactive thyroid struggle with unexplained weight gain. But here’s the twist—some actually lose weight!

So, what’s going on? If hypothyroidism is known for causing weight gain, why do some experience weight loss instead? And how much weight can thyroid dysfunction really impact?

In this blog, we’ll break down the science, bust common myths, and uncover the real reasons behind thyroid-related weight changes. By the end, you’ll understand how your thyroid affects metabolism, why some gain weight while others lose weight, and what you can do to maintain a healthy weight. 

Let’s get started!

What Is Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism is a prevalent medical condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to a shortage of crucial thyroid hormones. When T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) levels drop, the body experiences symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and intolerance to cold temperatures. Understanding thyroid disorders is important.

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the thyroid. Other causes include iodine deficiency, certain medications, and thyroid surgery.

How Does Hypothyroidism Affect Metabolism?

Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, which is how the body converts food into energy. When hormone levels are low, metabolism slows down, which leads to the following:

• Reduces calorie burning: The body stores more calories as fat.
  
• Increases water retention: Some weight gain is due to fluid buildup, not fat.
  
• Lower energy levels: Fatigue makes physical activity harder, leading to fewer calories burned.

A slower metabolism also affects digestion and body temperature, which makes people with hypothyroidism feel sluggish and cold.

Can Hypothyroidism Cause Weight Gain or Loss?

The relationship between thyroid function and weight is not always direct. So, let’s understand what type of thyroid dysfunction causes weight loss or gain:

• Mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism: Some people may not experience noticeable weight gain.
  
• Severe (overt) hypothyroidism: This can cause a modest weight gain of 2-5 kg, mainly from fluid retention.
  
• Obesity and TSH levels: A study review by NIH suggests that in some cases, obesity may lead to higher TSH levels, rather than the other way around.
  
• Weight loss in hypothyroidism: Though rare, some people with hypothyroidism lose weight due to appetite changes, malabsorption, or other underlying health conditions.

Can thyroid medication help with weight loss? 

L-T4 (levothyroxine) treatment can restore normal metabolism in overt hypothyroidism, but its impact on weight loss is modest. In subclinical hypothyroidism or euthyroid obese individuals, thyroid medication does not significantly help with weight loss.

Common Symptoms Of Thyroid-Induced Weight Changes

Hypothyroidism doesn’t just affect weight, it impacts the whole body. Here are some common symptoms of hypothyroidism:

• Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Fatigue and sluggishness
• Cold intolerance (feeling cold even when others are comfortable)
• Slow digestion, bloating, or constipation
• Puffy face and fluid retention
• Muscle weakness and joint pain
• Depression or brain fog
• Dry skin and brittle hair

If you’re experiencing these symptoms along with weight fluctuations, it’s important to get your thyroid levels checked. Proper treatment, a balanced diet, and lifestyle changes can help manage weight effectively.

Do You Gain Or Lose Weight With Hypothyroidism?

Everyone with hypothyroidism does not gain weight. Some people even lose weight, which can be confusing. Let’s understand it.

The Role Of Metabolism And Hormones

When your thyroid hormone levels are low, your metabolism slows, making weight gain simpler, and weight loss with your thyroid is more difficult. But that’s not the case with everyone:

• Severity of hypothyroidism: Those with mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism may not gain much weight, while those with severe (overt) hypothyroidism may experience more noticeable changes.
  
• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): Some people naturally have a higher metabolism, which helps them burn calories even with an underactive thyroid.
  
• Muscle mass: More muscle means a higher metabolism, which can prevent weight gain.
  
• Appetite changes: While some feel hungrier due to hormonal shifts, others experience a loss of appetite, leading to weight loss.

This explains why some people gain weight with hypothyroidism, some see weight loss, and others maintain weight.

Water Retention Vs. Fat Gain

Many people assume weight gain from hypothyroidism is purely fat, but that’s not always true. A significant portion of the weight comes from water retention. Here’s why:

• Low thyroid hormones affect kidney function, leading to fluid buildup.
  
• Slower metabolism causes the body to hold onto sodium, increasing water retention.
  
• A puffy face and swollen hands and feet are signs of fluid retention rather than fat gain.

This also means that once thyroid levels are restored through treatment, some of the weight may be lost quickly as excess water is eliminated.

The Impact Of Thyroid Medication On Weight

Many people assume that taking levothyroxine (L-T4) will automatically lead to weight loss, but that’s not always the case. Here’s what happens:

• In overt hypothyroidism, treatment can reverse fluid retention and slightly boost metabolism, leading to modest weight loss.
  
• In subclinical hypothyroidism, there is no strong evidence that medication helps with weight loss.
  
• In euthyroid obese individuals (normal thyroid function but overweight), taking thyroid hormones does not help with weight loss and can even be harmful.

While thyroid medication helps regulate metabolism, diet, exercise, and lifestyle choices play a bigger role in long-term weight management.

Diet Plan For Hypothyroidism Weight Management

Avoiding weight gain or loss and managing weight with hypothyroidism is a balancing act that involves eating the right foods. Moreover, avoiding certain triggers and understanding how diet affects thyroid health. A well-planned diet can help boost thyroid function, regulate metabolism, and manage weight effectively. Here’s what you need to know:

Indian Superfoods to Boost Thyroid Function

Incorporating superfoods into your diet can support thyroid health and metabolism. Here are some Indian superfoods that can help boost thyroid function:

• Sesame seeds (Til): Rich in zinc and selenium, which are essential for thyroid hormone production.
  
• Coconut: Healthy fats in coconut help support thyroid function and provide energy.
  
• Spinach and other leafy greens: These are high in iron, which is vital for thyroid hormone synthesis.
  
• Ginger: Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, ginger can help stimulate thyroid function and improve digestion.
  
• Amla (Indian gooseberry): Packed with vitamin C, amla helps reduce inflammation and supports immune function, which is key for thyroid health.
  
• Turmeric: The curcumin in turmeric has anti-inflammatory properties that support thyroid health and balance metabolism.

These superfoods can help provide the nutrients needed for healthy thyroid function and may even help with weight management.

What To Eat And What To Avoid?

A study review by NIH found that diets high in processed grains, sugars, and meats (FPSM) or oils, nuts, and potatoes were linked to a risk of hypothyroidism. This means your dietary pattern affects your thyroid health.

So, below is the list of foods to eat and avoid in hypothyroidism weight loss or gain.

What to Eat:

• Iodine Foods: Incorporate iodized salt, seafood (like fish and seaweed), dairy products, and eggs to ensure sufficient iodine intake for thyroid hormone production.
• Selenium Sources: Include Brazil nuts, turkey, chicken, whole grains (e.g., brown rice), and sunflower seeds to support thyroid function with selenium.
• Fruits and Veggies: Choose a variety of brightly colored fruits and vegetables to acquire the essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants required for good health.
• Lean Proteins: Include lean protein-rich foods, including poultry, fish, tofu, and lentils, to improve metabolism and help maintain lean body mass.
• Whole Grains: Opt for whole grains, such as oats, brown rice, quinoa, and whole wheat bread, which provide sustaining energy and crucial nutrients.
• Healthy Fats and Omega-3s: Consume almonds, flaxseeds, and oily fish like salmon to get the benefits of good fats, omega-3 fatty acids, and their anti-inflammatory characteristics.

Consult a healthcare provider or trained dietitian if you have hypothyroidism to develop a personalized nutrition plan that fits your unique dietary requirements and supports your therapy.

What to Avoid:

• Goitrogenic foods: These foods can interfere with thyroid function, especially when consumed in large quantities. They include raw cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and kale. Cooking them reduces their goitrogenic effects.
• Soy-Based Products: Excessive consumption of soy products, such as tofu and soy milk, can result in compounds that may hinder thyroid hormone absorption. Limit your intake of soy if you have hypothyroidism.
• Processed Food: Processed meals frequently include unhealthy fats and high levels of salt, which can lead to weight gain and exacerbate hypothyroidism symptoms. Limit your consumption of processed foods, particularly those high in sugar and refined carbs.
• Excessive Caffeine: Excessive caffeine use may aggravate symptoms such as anxiety and heart palpitations in those with thyroid issues. If you are caffeine-sensitive, you should limit your intake.
• Foods High in Sugars and Refined Carbohydrates: These foods can induce fast variations in blood sugar levels, potentially altering energy and mood. Instead, choose whole grains and complex carbs.
• Alcohol: Excessive alcohol intake can affect thyroid hormone balance and interfere with medication absorption. It is best to minimize your alcohol consumption or check with a healthcare expert about the effects of alcohol on your individual situation.
• Gluten: Some people with hypothyroidism, especially those with Hashimoto’s disease, may benefit from avoiding gluten, as it can trigger autoimmune responses.

A Sample Indian Diet Plan for Thyroid Management

This thyroid-friendly Indian diet plan includes nutrient-dense foods like whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and iodine-rich items that help support thyroid function and metabolism. For a more detailed and personalized thyroid management diet, check out our blog for a diet chart for hypothyroidism.

Lifestyle Changes For Better Thyroid Health

Making lifestyle changes can significantly improve hypothyroidism and help manage weight gain or loss caused by poor thyroid function. Simple habits like regular exercise, stress management, and quality sleep can support hormone balance and overall well-being.

Importance Of Exercise – Yoga, Walking, And Strength Training

Exercise plays a crucial role in boosting metabolism, reducing fatigue, and improving mood, all of which are important for thyroid health. Here’s how different types of exercises help:

• Yoga: Yoga for hypothyroidism stimulates the thyroid gland and improves blood circulation. Certain yoga poses like Sarvangasana (Shoulder Stand), Matsyasana (Fish Pose), and Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose).
  
• Walking: A simple 30-minute brisk walk can enhance metabolism and combat weight gain associated with hypothyroidism.
  
• Strength Training: Resistance exercises help build muscle, which in turn boosts metabolism and improves fat burning.

A mix of these exercises can help keep your thyroid function in check and prevent unwanted weight gain.

Stress And Thyroid – How To Manage It?

Chronic stress increases cortisol levels, which can interfere with thyroid hormone production. Managing stress effectively can prevent further hormonal imbalances. Here’s what helps:

• Meditation and Deep Breathing: Techniques like Pranayama (breath control) and mindfulness meditation help lower stress levels.
  
• Adaptogenic Herbs: Herbs like Ashwagandha have been shown to support thyroid function and reduce stress.
  
• Self-Care Activities: Engaging in hobbies, spending time in nature, and practicing gratitude can help reduce daily stress.

By keeping stress under control, you can support your thyroid function and improve your overall well-being.

Sleep And Its Role In Thyroid Regulation

Poor sleep can worsen thyroid imbalances, slow metabolism, and increase fatigue. Here’s how to improve sleep quality:

• Maintain a Sleep Routine: Try to sleep and wake up at the same time every day.
  
• Limit Screen Time: Reduce exposure to blue light from phones and laptops at least one hour before bedtime.
  
• Relax Before Bed: Reading, listening to soothing music, or practicing gentle yoga can improve sleep quality.

Prioritizing 7-9 hours of sleep per night can enhance thyroid function and improve overall energy levels.

Medical Guidance And When To See A Doctor

Lifestyle changes and diet play a crucial role in thyroid health, medical guidance is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Regular monitoring, the right medication, and a combination of medical and natural approaches can help manage hypothyroidism and weight changes effectively.

Importance Of Regular Thyroid Tests

Thyroid function can fluctuate over time, so regular tests are crucial to track changes and adjust treatment if needed. Doctors typically recommend:

• TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) Test: The primary test to check thyroid function.
  
• T3 and T4 Levels: These measure active thyroid hormones in the body.
  
• Thyroid Antibody Test: Helps diagnose autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Getting thyroid levels checked every 6–12 months ensures timely adjustments in medication and treatment. If you experience unexplained weight gain, fatigue, or mood changes, it’s best to consult your doctor sooner.

How To Adjust Medication For Better Weight Control?

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy, such as Levothyroxine (L-T4), is commonly prescribed for hypothyroidism. However, medication adjustments may be needed if:

• Weight gain or loss is sudden despite taking medication.
  
• Energy levels are still low, and metabolism seems sluggish.
  
• Symptoms like hair fall, dry skin, or depression persist despite treatment.

Doctors may adjust the dosage based on TSH levels to optimize metabolism. Never change medication on your own—always consult a healthcare provider before making any adjustments.

Combining Medical And Natural Approaches

A holistic approach that includes medical treatment and natural remedies can be beneficial. Here’s how:

• Continue medication as prescribed while focusing on a balanced diet and exercise.
  
• Support thyroid function naturally with nutrient-rich foods like iodine (seaweed, dairy), selenium (Brazil nuts), and zinc (pumpkin seeds, lentils).
  
• Manage stress through yoga, meditation, and breathing exercises, as stress can interfere with thyroid hormone production.

A combination of proper medication, regular monitoring, and lifestyle changes can help manage thyroid health and weight effectively. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor for further evaluation.

A Word From Fitelo

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. 

How Does Hypothyroidism Affect Metabolism?

Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, and when levels drop:

• Calorie burning decreases.
• Water retention increases.
• Energy levels drop.

Can Hypothyroidism Cause Weight Gain or Loss?

• Mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism may not cause weight gain.
• Severe (overt) hypothyroidism can cause a modest 2–5 kg gain due to fluid retention.
• Some people may lose weight due to appetite changes or malabsorption.

Common Symptoms of Thyroid-Induced Weight Changes

• Unexplained weight fluctuations
• Fatigue and sluggishness
• Cold intolerance
• Bloating, constipation, and fluid retention
• Muscle weakness, joint pain, brain fog
• Dry skin and brittle hair

Why Do Some People Gain Weight While Others Lose?

• The severity of hypothyroidism impacts weight gain.
• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and muscle mass affect calorie burn.
• Appetite changes can lead to either weight gain or loss.

Diet Plan for Hypothyroidism Weight Management

Foods to Eat:

• Iodized salt, seafood, dairy, eggs
• Brazil nuts, whole grains, poultry
• Fish, lentils, tofu
• Oats, quinoa, brown rice
• Flaxseeds, salmon, almonds

Foods to Avoid:

• Raw cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, kale
• Soy-based products
• Processed & high-sugar foods
• Excess caffeine & alcohol
• Gluten

Lifestyle Changes for Better Thyroid Health

• Yoga: Poses like Sarvangasana, Matsyasana, and Bhujangasana 
• A 30-minute brisk walk 
• Strength Training

Stress and Thyroid – How to Manage It?

• Meditation & deep breathing (Pranayama)
• Adaptogenic herbs like Ashwagandha.
• Self-care activities.

Sleep and Its Role in Thyroid Regulation

• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule.
• Limit screen time before bed.
• Engage in relaxation activities like reading or meditation.

Medical Guidance and When to See a Doctor

Medical supervision is essential for managing hypothyroidism effectively.

Regular Thyroid Tests

• TSH Test 
• T3 & T4 Levels
• Thyroid Antibody Test

Always consult a doctor before modifying dosage.

Neha Weight Loss Transformation Story

For a college student, it’s not an easy task to manage meals at times. Also, busy schedules and studies make them skip important meals. Read about the amazing transformation of Neha, who lost 17 kg with a huge inch loss.

Neha Weight Loss Transformation: Lost 17Kg With Huge Inch Loss | Fitelo

Fun Fact

As the cricket fever takes over India, are you gearing up to join the match-watching extravaganza with a side of delicious snacks? This year, why not opt for a healthier twist on game-day indulgence with some guilt-free, low-calorie alternatives?

Frequently Asked Questions

Do You Gain Weight With Hypothyroidism Or Lose Weight?

Most people with hypothyroidism gain weight due to a slower metabolism and water retention. However, some may lose weight if they experience appetite loss, malabsorption, or other health conditions.

Can Hypothyroidism Cause Weight Loss Problems?

Yes, hypothyroidism can make weight loss difficult due to a slow metabolism and increased water retention. Even with diet and exercise, the body may burn fewer calories, making it harder to shed extra weight.

How To Beat Hypothyroidism Weight Gain?

To beat hypothyroidism weight gain, focus on a balanced diet rich in protein, fiber, and healthy fats while avoiding processed foods and excess sugar. Regular exercise, proper thyroid medication, and stress management can also help boost metabolism and support weight loss.

Is Hypothyroidism Curable?

Hypothyroidism is not usually curable, but it can be effectively managed with lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy. A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also help control symptoms.

Contact Us Today

We’re never leaving you hanging with doubts, queries, or confusing questions. We understand how all this information gets really overwhelming as well as a little confusing on your way to a healthy lifestyle. Hence, you can always contact us at any time, as our experts are here to guide you 24/7. Also, we will help you achieve your weight loss goals.

Disclaimer

This blog post was written to help you make healthy and better food choices. So, be aware and take care. The important thing to consider is your own health before starting a diet that is restrictive. Always seek advice from a doctor/dietitian if you have any concerns before starting.

Eat Healthy, Live Healthy, and enjoy a long, happy life